Ankle Sprain
An ankle sprain occurs when ligaments supporting the ankle are stretched or torn, often after the ankle twists.
About ankle sprain
An ankle sprain occurs when ligaments supporting the ankle are stretched or torn, often after the ankle twists.
What can cause it?
A sprain happens when the ankle rolls or twists and stretches or tears supporting ligaments.
Severe sprains can resemble fractures and may also injure tendons or cartilage.
What a patient may notice
Symptoms vary from person to person. Possible signs may include:
- Pain after twisting the ankle
- Swelling or bruising
- Difficulty walking or reduced motion
How clinicians find the cause
The clinician reviews how the injury happened and checks bone tenderness, ligament stability, swelling, circulation, and ability to walk. X-rays are ordered when fracture criteria are present; persistent symptoms may require other imaging.
Treatment and next steps
- 1
Early treatment protects the ankle while allowing gradual motion and weight-bearing as directed.
- 2
Bracing, short-term support, rehabilitation exercises, and physical therapy may be recommended.
- 3
Severe instability, associated fracture, or tendon injury may require specialist care.
Supporting recovery
- Protect the ankle and limit painful activity during the first days.
- Use wrapped ice, compression that is not too tight, and elevation.
- Begin clinician-approved range-of-motion and strengthening rather than prolonged complete rest.
What to expect
Mild ankle sprains may improve within days, while moderate or severe ligament injuries often need several weeks or longer. Swelling and tenderness can outlast the initial injury. Completing range-of-motion, strengthening, and balance rehabilitation before returning to sports reduces the chance of ongoing instability and another sprain.
Possible complications
- Chronic pain, swelling, stiffness, or weakness
- Ankle instability, repeated giving way, and recurrent sprains
- Missed fracture, cartilage injury, tendon injury, or a high-ankle sprain that requires a different treatment plan
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Arrange an evaluation when symptoms are new, worsening, interfering with normal activities, or not improving as expected.
Seek prompt evaluation for severe pain, inability to take four steps, deformity, numbness, or a pale, blue, or cold foot.Get emergency help for severe trouble breathing, new chest pressure, fainting, seizure, sudden weakness on one side, uncontrolled bleeding, blue or gray lips, or a person who is difficult to wake.
Ways to lower risk
- Complete rehabilitation before returning to sports.
- Use a brace or taping when recommended and train balance and strength.
- Wear activity-appropriate footwear.
Trusted health information
This CHS patient-education page uses original wording and links to MedlinePlus for additional information.